75+ Free Online Resources to Learn Ethical Hacking in 2025

The ethical hacking market is predicted to grow from $3.41 billion in 2023 to $10.24 billion by 2028, and in that timeframe, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts a 32% increase in cybersecurity jobs (including ethical hacking). Moreover, ethical hackers can earn around $135,000, well above the national average.

In this article, we will look at the best free online ethical hacking resources for anybody considering an ethical hacking career. From education and tools to podcasts and other videos, there is no shortage of helpful resources available.

Online Learning Platforms

Free online learning platforms help to democratize education by lowering financial barriers and making resources available to everyone. The platforms we cover offer a range of courses, creating entry points for beginners and helping established professionals stay current.

1. CISCO Networking Academy

URL: https://www.netacad.com/

Cisco Networking Academy is a global leader in cybersecurity education, having reached over 24 million learners across 191 countries. For aspiring ethical hackers, its Free Ethical Hacker Course provides a comprehensive 70-hour program focused on offensive security. As an intermediate-level course, it covers critical concepts like vulnerability assessment, information gathering, social engineering, and exploitation of networks, applications, and IoT systems.

Learners also gain hands-on experience in post-exploitation techniques, reporting, and code analysis. The course equips learners with the essential practical skills for ethical hacking and penetration testing roles.

Cisco’s emphasis on accessible and effective education is reflected in its success rate, with 96% of students advancing to careers or further education.

2. Codecademy

URL: https://www.codecademy.com

Codecademy is a leading online learning platform that specializes in interactive programming and technology courses. With over 45 million users, many program graduates now work at top companies like Google and IBM.

Codecademy’s ethical hacking resources include the free Introduction to Ethical Hacking course, which covers fundamental tools and strategies for identifying and resolving security vulnerabilities, alongside Introduction to Cybersecurity, focusing on protecting data and mitigating digital threats.

For advanced topics, Codecademy offers specialized courses such as Prompt Engineering: Ethical Hacking & Generative AI Fusion, GenAI's Impact on Network & Perimeter Ethical Hacking, and Web Application & Database Hacking in the Age of GenAI.

Additional resources include projects, code challenges, and dedicated workspaces that provide practical, hands-on learning for students eager to tackle real-world security challenges.

3. Coursera

URL: https://www.coursera.org

Coursera partners with over 300 global companies and universities to provide flexible, career-focused online courses. While it doesn’t offer dedicated ethical hacking programs, it features several courses that create a solid foundation in cybersecurity and technical programming which are essential skills for aspiring ethical hackers.

Cybersecurity for Everyone explores risk management, policy, and technical foundations for secure systems, while Cryptography focuses on encryption and secure communication to prevent tampering and eavesdropping. Both courses are critically relevant for ethical hacking.

Strong programming capabilities are vital for ethical hackers, and Coursera’s Python for Data Science and AI teaches learners about automation and data analysis. Additionally, Hands-on Introduction to Linux Commands and Shell Scripting enables learners to navigate Linux environments, execute network commands, and script tasks. Again, these are considered critical competencies for ethical hacking at any level.

4. CYBRARY

URL: https://www.cybrary.it

With over 2 million users, including employees from 96% of Fortune 1000 companies, Cybrary is a trusted platform offering on-demand cybersecurity and IT education.

The Penetration Tester Career Path is ideal for aspiring ethical hackers. Through interactive courses and hands-on virtual labs, the material covers a range of industry concerns from offensive security fundamentals and reconnaissance to application and network attacks.

Additionally, Cybrary’s Skill Paths focus on specific topics like vulnerability scanning, while certification prep courses prepare learners for credentials like CompTIA A+ and Offensive Penetration Testing.

Free accounts provide access to over 50 courses, virtual labs, and a foundational Career Path.

5. edX

URL: https://www.edx.org

edX, founded by Harvard and MIT, is a leading platform for learning vital, job-relevant skills. With over 86 million learners and 4,600 programs, edX offers courses, professional certificates, boot camps, and degrees across disciplines like artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Its flexible online and hybrid formats cater to diverse learners, enabling self-paced skill development and career-focused credentialing.

For ethical hacking, edX provides standout courses like HarvardX’s CS50 Introduction to Cybersecurity, which covers foundational practices, and Try It: Ethical Hacking, introducing the cyber kill chain, hacker classes, and vulnerability analysis. Additionally, the EC-Council’s Ethical Hacking Essentials provides a robust understanding of security best practices. The Cyber Defense: Penetration Testing, Threat Hunting, and Cryptography course is another great course for aspiring ethical hackers to follow.

6. Hacker101

URL: https://www.hacker101.com

Hacker101 is a free educational resource for aspiring ethical hackers of all skill levels. Created by HackerOne, the site focuses on skill-building, hands-on practice, and community engagement through video lessons, learning tracks, and specialized guides on web hacking, mobile hacking, and cryptography.

Its Capture the Flag (CTF) challenge simulates real-world hacking scenarios, enabling users to progress by uncovering flags and earning invitations to private HackerOne programs. Tools like Burp Suite provide practical experience by highlighting vulnerabilities in web applications.

Additional resources, including tutorials on programming, JavaScript, Python, and SQL, help learners cultivate a robust technical framework for future learning. Mentorship Mondays and h@cktivitycon events connect learners with experienced professionals, fostering a collaborative learning environment.

7. INFOSEC

URL: https://www.infosecinstitute.com

Infosec is a leading platform for cybersecurity training, offering tailored solutions for professionals and businesses. With over 5 million users worldwide, Infosec provides training courses for essential skills and offers key certifications. The platform features three key areas: Infosec Skills, Infosec IQ, and Live Boot Camps, with each catering to learners of all expertise levels.

Infosec offers 133+ free courses on topics like ethical hacking, scripting with Python for cybersecurity, and digital forensics. Its Ethical Hacking Process course provides a short step-by-step introduction to the niche, and the Digital Forensics pathway teaches students how to identify, collect, and preserve digital evidence.

Live boot camps are available online or in person and prepare learners for certifications like CompTIA Security+, CISSP, and ISACA CISM. InfoSec’s tailored pathways and practical training make it a top resource for ethical hacking and cybersecurity education.

8. Khan Academy

URL: https://www.khanacademy.org

Khan Academy is a nonprofit platform that provides globally available, free, high-quality education. Its mission is to empower students through practice exercises, instructional videos, and personalized learning dashboards.

While Khan Academy doesn’t directly offer ethical hacking courses, it provides a wealth of valuable resources in computer science and cybersecurity. The Introduction to Computer Science – Python course teaches programming basics such as variables, loops, and data structures. Cybersecurity lessons explore topics like cybercrime, malware, and phishing, with insights from industry experts.

These courses help build the foundation for ethical hacking. The personalized learning dashboard allows self-paced study, making Khan Academy a versatile tool for individual learners and classrooms alike.

9. OffSec

URL: https://www.offsec.com/

OffSec (formerly Offensive Security) is a premier ethical hacking resource offering hands-on cybersecurity training through over 4,000 labs and a robust OffSec Learning Library. The library combines immersive learning with practical exercises, ensuring that students are equipped with the skills and mindset to deal with real-world hacking and defensive scenarios.

OffSec has two courses of particular interest to anyone getting into ethical hacking. Metasploit Unleashed (MSFU) is a free, in-depth guide suitable for all skill levels that teaches students how to use the Metasploit framework for penetration testing. For advanced learning, OffSec provides the PEN-200 and PEN-300 courses, which focus on red teaming, exploit development, and offensive security tactics.

10. SANS Institute

URL: https://www.sans.org

SANS Institute offers a host of webcasts, webinars, and workshops tailored to ethical hacking professionals. These sessions provide insights into practical cybersecurity challenges and advanced hacking techniques.

SANS hosts regular cyber events such as capture the flag (CTF) competitions, which equip and test entrants’ actionable skills, preparing them for the demands of an ethical hacking career.

Ethical hackers can also check out the organization’s relevant webcasts, including “Advanced Penetration Testing” and “Network Penetration Testing: Evolving Threats and Techniques.” The first explores real-world attack simulations, while the second explores methodologies and existing threats related to network penetration testing.

11. Simplilearn

URL: https://www.simplilearn.com/

Simplilearn is an online boot camp that provides career-focused training, with courses developed in collaboration with top universities and industry experts. For aspiring ethical hackers, Simplilearn’s Free Ethical Hacking Course for Beginners introduces foundational cybersecurity concepts and practical hacking techniques.

This two-hour course covers essential skills like cryptography, backdoor trojans, IDS firewalls, honeypots, network packet analysis, and mobile/web security. It also provides vital hands-on experience with hacking tools and configurations, culminating in a certificate of completion.

Additionally, Simplilearn offers complementary courses on Linux fundamentals, database security, and advanced log management. These empower learners with the knowledge and skills to pursue ethical hacking careers.

12. Udemy

URL: https://www.udemy.com

Udemy is a leading online learning platform with over 250,000 courses and 73 million learners worldwide. It offers a wide range of resources for aspiring ethical hackers, and connects students with industry experts.

With 856 free courses and extensive paid options, Udemy caters to both beginners and advanced ethical hacking learners. Topics include penetration testing, network security, Kali Linux, and information security. The platform also features Certified Ethical Hacking (CEH) courses, covering system protection, web application security with Burp Suite, and insights into the Dark Web and cryptocurrency.

Beginners should look to start with courses like Ethical Hacking Basics (Kali 2021), while more advanced learners could look at Monitoring and Intercepting Transmitted Data.

Udemy's comprehensive offerings at all skill levels make it a top resource for building ethical hacking expertise.

Guides, Tutorials, and E-books

Ethical hackers can learn new skills in their own time by subscribing to blogs and reading tutorials and e-books. Many platforms provide written tutorials, guides, and up-to-date analyses of emerging threats and vulnerabilities.

13. freeCodeCamp

URL: https://www.freecodecamp.org

freeCodeCamp offers a comprehensive curriculum, including industry-recognized certifications in industries such as software engineering, web development, and ethical hacking. The content is designed to help people progress from entry-level to career professional and is made free through donations.

The platform covers topics such as the ethical hacking lifecycle, Linux for hacking, and web app penetration testing. The License to Pentest course discusses key tools, such as Metasploit, DirBuster, and Nikto, and also advanced techniques like SQL injection, XSS attacks, and privilege escalation.

Some of the video courses, such as the 5-hour Linux for Ethical Hacking and 3-hour Web App Penetration Testing, maintain a dedicated focus on the practical application of techniques against the backdrop of real-world scenarios.

With resources on setting up Metasploitable, cybersecurity fundamentals, and hacking tools, freeCodeCamp is an excellent starting point for anyone looking to build a career in ethical hacking.

14. FreeComputerBooks

URL: https://freecomputerbooks.com/

FreeComputerBooks is a directory that links to a free global library of e-books, tutorials, and lecture notes with a focus on IT and cybersecurity.

Some of the best links for ethical hackers redirect users to books such as The Web Application Hacker's Handbook, which details modern web application security techniques, and The Hacker’s Playbook 2, which offers step-by-step penetration testing guides. Other beneficial links include Hacking: The Art of Exploitation and Social Engineering: The Art of Human Hacking, which explores human vulnerabilities.

With real-world stories like Ghost in the Wires and a wide array of carefully curated content, FreeComputerBooks is an excellent resource for any IT professional interested in learning more about ethical hacking.

15. Guru99

URL: https://www.guru99.com/ethical-hacking-tutorials

Guru99 provides extensive guides on topics such as network sniffing with Wireshark, cracking WiFi passwords, and web server hacking. The tutorials discuss key vulnerabilities, attack methods, and countermeasures, and also lay the foundations for skills like cryptography, digital forensics, and programming.

With live examples positioned alongside step-by-step explanations, Guru99 gives its learners hands-on insights into ethical hacking practices. The content is updated frequently to ensure it remains accurate and reliable.

16. Hackersking

URL: https://www.hackersking.in

Founded in 2019, Hackersking aims to educate users about ethical hacking and secure technology practices through various guides and news articles.

The platform provides step-by-step tutorials on topics such as password cracking with File-Cracker, OSINT tools for intelligence gathering, and IoT penetration testing using HomePwn. Other resources include how-to guides for securing operating systems including Windows, Linux, and Android. Key topics include identifying data breaches and protecting accounts.

The Hackersking news section has the latest updates on tools and vulnerabilities, and the site has a paid course offering hands-on training in offensive hacking, which comes with certificates and internship opportunities.

17. Hacking Articles

URL: https://www.hackingarticles.in

Hacking Articles provides practical, hands-on guides for cybersecurity and penetration testing. These include step-by-step tutorials across key areas such as web penetration testing, red teaming, and general hacking techniques.

You can also find CTF walkthroughs for platforms such as HackTheBox. These walkthroughs help users to meet realistic challenges, while practicing and refining their hacking skills. Additionally, it provides in-depth guides on a range of useful tools and techniques such as Burp Suite, reverse shell generation, privilege escalation, and Active Directory exploitation.

Hacking Articles also offers paid courses on topics like ethical hacking, bug bounties, and red team operations. These provide users with a more structured learning path.

18. HackingLoops

URL: https://www.hackingloops.com

HackingLoops is designed for IT professionals looking to transition into cybersecurity. The site provides in-depth tutorials and guidance on key ethical hacking concepts including web, wireless, and firewall penetration testing, and vulnerability scanning with Nmap, along with tools like Pureblood and Wapiti.

The site covers topics such as digital forensics, reverse engineering, cryptography, and system hacking, with practical guides on maintaining access using Metasploit and creating command-and-control servers. The site also offers a host of mobile hacking tutorials including Android pen-testing, API testing, and configuring devices with Burp Suite.

HackingLoops provides free CEH practice tests and actionable resources for mastering malware, network security, and more advanced hacking techniques. These tests are crucial for professionals hoping to enhance their ethical hacking skills.

19. Insecure Blog

URL: https://www.insecure.in

Insecure Blog is a detailed cybersecurity resource offering hands-on tutorials for key topics such as network hacking, password cracking, wireless attacks, and web vulnerabilities like cross-site scripting (XSS) The blog also covers packet sniffing, WiFi hacking, and defense strategies.

Articles are packed with practical guidance on how to secure systems. Other topics include social engineering, cryptography, digital forensics, and hacking tools, which round out a solid foundational base for all things cybersecurity.

The site is designed to appeal to beginners and experienced professionals alike. The blog combines actionable insights with real-world applications, ensuring that readers can enhance their skills and also stay updated on current best practices in ethical hacking.

20. WonderHowTo: Null Byte

URL: https://null-byte.wonderhowto.com

WonderHowTo’s NullByte blog provides walkthroughs on ethical hacking-related topics ranging from WiFi password cracking and Metasploit basics to buffer overflow exploits and post-exploitation techniques.

Other series, such as Hack Like a Pro and Cyber Weapons Lab, explore more advanced tooling, like RedRabbit for Windows penetration testing and Probequest for WiFi tracking. Additionally, the site covers specialized areas like macOS hacking, IoT exploitation, and SQL injection, which helps users build foundational knowledge across other cybersecurity fields.

Social Media, Videos, and Podcasts

Podcasts, videos, and social media offer tutorials, CTF walkthroughs, and tool demonstrations, and make complex topics accessible to learners at all levels.

21. David Bombal

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@davidbombal

David Bombal is an author, instructor, and YouTube content creator specializing in ethical hacking, networking, and programming. Bombal has over 15 years of experience and is Cisco CCIE certified. He uses his knowledge and experience to create comprehensive training materials and free resources that are useful to learners of all skill levels.

Bombal’s YouTube channel offers detailed tutorials on ethical hacking, Kali Linux, Python, and WiFi hacking, along with critical tools like Wireshark.

Playlists, such as the Kali Linux Ethical Hacking: Getting Started Guide and the Wireshark and Ethical Hacking Course, ensure learners have access to practical, step-by-step experiences.

Bombal’s website features thirty-four free self-paced courses, including Android Bug Bounty Hunting. There are also numerous interviews, including one with ex-NSA hacker Neal Bridges, offering insider tips for breaking into cybersecurity.

22. Hacked

URL: https://linktr.ee/hackedpodcast

Hacked, hosted by Jordan Bloeman and Scott Francis Winder, explores all manner of topics and conversations surrounding ethical hacking, digital privacy, and cybersecurity. The biweekly podcast uses real-world examples to dive into complex topics, while managing to keep them accessible and interesting to listeners of all backgrounds and experiences.

Hacked episodes cover subjects such as ethical satellite hacking, juice jacking, and hardware hacking with devices like Flipper Zero. In some episodes, the hosts also tackle topics like video game hacking, and have interviews with industry professionals such as Adrian Bednarek. They also explore cybersecurity challenges at events like the Game Developers Conference.

More than just something to listen to, Hacked offers practical tips for protecting personal information and best security practices.

23. HackerSploit

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@HackerSploit

HackerSploit is a free infosec and cybersecurity training platform crammed full of hands-on resources. The channel teaches users by simulating real-world scenarios.

HackerSploit offers a wide range of YouTube playlists covering topics like penetration testing, Active Directory exploitation, Windows post-exploitation, and Wireshark tutorials. Its Complete Ethical Hacking Course guides learners on everything from the basics like setting up Kali Linux to using more advanced tools like Tor, Nmap, and WiFi cracking.

HackerSploit’s content focuses on practical skills, providing detailed insights into network discovery, web application testing, and Linux command-line usage. Alongside its YouTube channel, HackerSploit also has an active community forum that drives learning and collaboration through discussion. Professionals, students, and enthusiasts are invited to engage in topics like penetration testing, malware analysis, networking, and digital forensics.

24. John Hammond

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@_JohnHammond

John Hammond is a prominent cybersecurity researcher, teacher, and YouTube content creator. A member of Huntress's Threat Operations team, Hammond offers a wide range of free resources about ethical hacking and cybersecurity, and is directly involved in helping organizations defend against cyber threats. Hammond also has experience as a Department of Defense instructor specializing in Cyber Threat Emulation.

Hammond’s YouTube channel features tutorials on topics such as password hacking, API exploitation, and Docker container registry hacking, along with detailed guides for CTFs like PicoCTF and TryHackMe. He also provides playlists on binary exploitation, cryptography, and steganography.

Additionally, Hammond is a sought-after public speaker for conferences such as BsidesNoVA and KringleCon, where he shares his expertise with a direct focus on practical techniques and the adversarial mindset.

25. Loi Liang Yang

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@LoiLiangYang

Loi Liang Yang is a Principal Security Engineer at AWS and a former IBM Security Leader. He is an accomplished cybersecurity expert with certifications including CISSP, CEH, and CompTIA Security+, and is a 12-times Certified Golden Jacket holder. Loi advises Fortune 500 companies on advanced security strategies and specializes in ethical hacking and penetration testing.

Loi’s YouTube channel offers a mix of free tutorials and members-only series that cover Android hacking, wireless hacking, blue teaming, and Linux tutorials. This helps make complex topics more accessible to people of all experience levels. Loi’s content emphasizes practical techniques for securing systems and defending against modern threats.

Additionally, Loi has a 15-hour ethical hacking and penetration testing course, available on Udemy, that covers critical cybersecurity skills.

26. NetworkChuck

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@NetworkChuck

NetworkChuck is an IT education platform featuring accessible tutorials on subjects like ethical hacking, cybersecurity, and IT certifications. NetworkChuck focuses on having practical, engaging content for both beginners and professionals.

NetworkChuck offers free courses and playlists including Linux for Hackers, Learn Ethical Hacking (CEH Journey), and Hacker Skills: OSINT. However, NetworkChuck also offers other creative content like Raspberry Pi tutorials, guiding learners to set up Linux systems, install hacking tools like Yersinia, and explore Kali Linux.

NetworkChuck takes a hands-on approach to learning and covers all the ethical hacking fundamentals, Python programming, and certifications like Cisco and CompTIA.

27. The Cyber Mentor

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@TCMSecurityAcademy

The Cyber Mentor is led by IT professional Heath Adams and is focused on teaching the fundamentals of ethical hacking, penetration testing, and network security. The site offers free, high-quality, and practical content that is well-suited to beginners and seasoned professionals alike.

The channel provides in-depth tutorials on topics like web application vulnerabilities, password cracking, and network penetration testing. Two of the most popular courses offered are Ethical Hacking in 15 Hours and Zero to Hero: A Practical Network Penetration Testing Course. Both emphasize hands-on skills and real-world scenarios. There are also materials covering Linux basics for hackers, which guide users through essential commands and system navigation.

The Cyber Mentor also shares advice for aspiring ethical hackers or those looking to further their careers.

28. WsCube Cyber Security

URL: https://www.youtube.com/@WsCubeCyberSecurity

The WsCube Cyber Security YouTube channel offers detailed tutorials covering the fundamentals of ethical hacking, penetration testing, and cybersecurity, as well as career advice.

The channel’s content includes comprehensive walkthroughs, such as its Ethical Hacking Full Course for Beginners and the Burp Suite Full Course. Both courses cover foundational tools, techniques, and best practices needed to excel in the field.

The channel also features a host of short tutorials, podcasts with industry experts, and interviews with ethical hackers, in order to provide genuine insights into real-world challenges and solutions.

With actionable tips, career guidance, and regularly updated content, the channel is a great resource for anyone looking to increase their ethical hacking career prospects.

Webinars

Webinars provide expert-led insights into the top ethical hacking tools, techniques, and trends. They provide interactive learning opportunities, facilitating discussions between learners and current industry professionals.

29. bittnet

URL: https://www.bittnet.ro/en/webinarii/ethical-hacking-essentials

Bittnet, founded in Romania in 2007, is an IT training provider specializing in cybersecurity and networking solutions. Bittnet is a recognized Cisco Premier Partner, delivering high-quality training and webinars targeted at both professionals and organizations.

Bittnet’s popular on-demand webinar, Ethical Hacking Essentials, is completely free and introduces students to the fundamental concepts of ethical hacking, including the five phases of hacking: reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and covering tracks.

The webinar explores additional foundational topics like penetration testing and vulnerability assessments, and uses real-life case studies as a way to demonstrate the importance of ethical hacking in protecting organizational security.

30. Devlabs Alliance

URL: https://www.devlabsalliance.com/cyber-security-vs-ethical-hacking

DevLabs Alliance is a leading IT training and consultation company that aims to create clever solutions while simplifying professional software training. Devlabs helps both individuals and organizations become masters of cybersecurity and learn the practical concepts of ethical hacking.

DevLabs Alliance also hosts a free Cyber Security vs. Ethical Hacking webinar that aims to clarify the differences between these fields and explores different career paths in the sector, such as penetration testing and security analysis.

With its deep, practical guidance, DevLabs Alliance serves as a valuable resource packed with Q&A opportunities and insights from seasoned professionals. The platform is ideally suited to any IT professional aspiring to build a career in ethical hacking and cybersecurity.

31. NetCom Learning

URL: https://www.netcomlearning.com/

NetCom Learning is a leading IT training provider that establishes lifelong learning practices by equipping professionals with cutting-edge technological skills at a foundational level.

NetCom Learning was recognized as the Microsoft Partner of the Year in 2022 and 2023, thanks largely to its expert-led courses across a range of critical IT domains, including cybersecurity.

The organization’s free CEH v12 webinar is led by an EC-Council-certified instructor and offers participants a deep dive into crucial ethical hacking concepts, such as footprinting, social engineering, DoS/DDoS attacks, session hijacking, and web application vulnerabilities. The resources available as part of the webinar include live lab demonstrations.

The course captures the training ethos of NetCom Learning by preparing IT teams to effectively identify and mitigate cybersecurity threats as quickly as possible.

32. SBS CyberSecurity

URL: https://sbscyber.com/

SBS CyberSecurity, LLC, is an industry-leading cybersecurity consultancy and audit firm. The company has over 20 years of experience working with thousands of regulated organizations worldwide. SBS delivers its clients a range of dynamic solutions that work to create a proactive risk management program that is adaptive to changing cybersecurity threats.

One of the premier SBS offerings is its Hacker Hour Webinar Series. This free, interactive training platform features monthly discussions with a range of cybersecurity experts. There are currently more than 120 episodes and 23,000 attendees. The sessions themselves look to cover emerging trends and practical security strategies.

Participants engage in the sessions by starting and joining discussions, asking questions, and listening to previous session recordings.

33. Securium Academy

URL: https://www.securiumacademy.com/

Securium Academy offers a range of live online courses taught by industry experts. The Securium Academy specializes in ethical hacking, digital forensics, and incident response. Its courses equip students with practical skills and offer industry-recognized certifications.

One of the standout offerings at the Academy is the free Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH v12) webinar. This webinar provides a detailed overview of the CEH curriculum, along with hands-on training via CyberQ Labs and expert-led sessions. Participants have access to over 150 hours of instructor-led classes, and more than 100 additional hours of e-learning content.

Across its resources, the Securium Academy offers a solid pathway for aspiring ethical hackers looking to develop their skills and earn recognized credentials.

Practical Learning and Challenges

Realistic, interactive practice scenarios can help beginners learn to implement key skills and experienced pros to hone their abilities. We cover some of the industry’s most trusted practice platforms.

34. CryptoHack

URL: https://cryptohack.org/

CryptoHack teaches modern cryptography through interactive puzzles and challenges. The platform focuses on breaking flawed implementations in systems like AES, RSA, and elliptic curves. This allows learners to gain a better understanding of real-world vulnerabilities.

CryptoHack was inspired by capture the flag (CTF) contests and provides learners with a permanently accessible learning environment exclusively dedicated to cryptography. Learners are faced with challenges such as analyzing vulnerable source code, performing man-in-the-middle attacks, and extracting confidential data from servers.

Additionally, CryptoHack features various courses, including Introduction to CryptoHack, Symmetric Cryptography, and Elliptic Curves. New puzzles are added frequently, making CryptoHack a great resource for ethical hackers looking to grow their skillset.

35. Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA)

URL: https://github.com/digininja/DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web Application (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web platform designed with multiple vulnerabilities to test users and help them improve their ethical hacking and web security skills. DVWA provides users with a safe and legal environment for testing tools, techniques, and exploitation methods.

DVWA covers a wide range of common web vulnerabilities, including SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), file inclusion, and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). However, the core feature is its adjustable difficulty levels, which allow users to move through different challenges as their skills and abilities improve.

The platform also includes the Damn Vulnerable Web Sockets (DVWS) module for testing web socket vulnerabilities using tools like OWASP ZAP and Burp Suite.

36. Game Of Active Directory

URL: https://orange-cyberdefense.github.io/GOAD

Game of Active Directory (GOAD) is a specialized, free tool designed to help ethical hackers and penetration testers hone their abilities in an Active Directory (AD) environment. GOAD provides learners with a fully pre-configured, vulnerable AD setup primed for users to practice their attack techniques in a safe and structured setting.

GOAD eliminates the need for testers to build their own environments, giving the time and space for penetration testers to practice AD exploitation skills. Real-world AD attack scenarios offered by the platform include privilege escalation, lateral movement, and password attacks.

37. Google CTF

URL: https://capturetheflag.withgoogle.com

An annual event, Google’s Capture The Flag competition is a globally recognized event that allows the best ethical hackers to test and showcase their cybersecurity skills.

The 2024 contest consisted of two stages: an online jeopardy-style CTF followed by an on-site final. For beginners, there is also the Jeopardy-styled Beginners Quest which is a fun way for new learners to still get involved in this CTF event.

The competition involved participants solving security puzzles in niches such as reverse engineering, cryptography, web technologies, and memory corruption. Competitors earned flags and points for their performance. The top 3 teams in the qualifying round won cash prizes of $12K, $5K, and $3K.

The top 8 from the online stage advanced to an on-site contest to compete for prizes of up to $7K. The event showcases the importance of hands-on learning and collaboration.

38. Hack This Site

URL: https://www.hackthissite.org

Hack This Site, launched in 2003, offers a unique environment to develop hacking skills legally and safely. Hack This Site has created an active and vibrant community of users who are eager to exchange knowledge and help develop technical skills. The platform also hosts hacking challenges, publishes articles developed within the community, and has an interactive IRC network.

Hacking challenges sit at the heart of Hack This Site. These challenges are designed to simulate real-world hacking scenarios, including “Realistic Missions” that challenge participants to carry out tasks related to social justice. Hack This Site also offers specialized challenges in other key areas including application reversing, steganography, JavaScript, and basic hacking techniques.

39. Metasploitable 2

URL: https://docs.rapid7.com/metasploitable-2

Metasploitable 2 was developed by the Rapid7 Metasploit team, and it is an intentionally vulnerable virtual machine based on Ubuntu Linux. It was designed to be a secure test environment where ethical hackers are free to explore and exploit common vulnerabilities.

Metasploitable 2 is essentially a penetration testing lab in a box. It contains multiple vulnerabilities across web services, databases, and network protocols, enabling learners to practice with the Metasploit framework in a real environment without any actual risk. Metasploitable 2 is a safe and legal space to develop critical hacking techniques.

40. OverTheWire

URL: https://overthewire.org/wargames

OverTheWire features wargames that simulate real-world cybersecurity challenges. With games suitable for all skill levels, OverTheWire gives users an interactive way to develop and practice skills in areas such as cryptography, network security, and computer exploitation.

Games like Bandit are designed for beginners. Natas, however, focuses on server-side web security, and follows a progressive structure in which players must complete one level to access the next. This approach ensures users have a well-rounded understanding of a concept before advancing.

OverTheWire also contains advanced challenges like Semtex, in which users must navigate various security vulnerabilities in a legal environment. Conference-introduced games like Krypton and Kishi complete OverTheWire’s gamified approach to teaching.

41. Parrot CTFs

URL: https://parrot-ctfs.com

Parrot CTFs offers users capture-the-flag challenges and realistic hacking labs. The site has a user-friendly environment designed to accommodate novice and seasoned professionals alike. Users are able to sharpen their penetration testing capabilities while building their exploit development and adversarial tradecraft skills.

Parrot CTFs features Red Team Labs (for practicing Active Directory hacking, network penetration, and threat emulation) as well as Blue Team SOC Labs (which focus on developing defensive skills like malware reverse engineering and using SIEM tools). Both labs simulate real-world scenarios.

Furthermore, Parrot CTFs Hacking Academy provides training on core foundational topics, while the Athena OS-powered browser-based hacking virtual machines provide a streamlined setup for accessing tools from any device.

42. picoCTF

URL: https://picoctf.org

picoCTF was developed by cybersecurity experts at Carnegie Mellon University and uses different capture-the-flag (CTF) challenges to provide a hands-on, fully legal environment for ethical hackers to practice their skills. The primary CTF domains include general skills, cryptography, web exploitation, forensics, and binary exploitation.

The platform has several critical resources, including picoGym, a non-competitive area that allows learners to solve challenges at their own pace. picoGym is regularly updated and features puzzles that previously appeared in CTF competitions. Additionally, picoCTF hosts the world’s largest free hacking competition, which sees ethical hackers compete for prizes and awards.

To fully support its learners, picoCTF has video tutorials, online lectures, and guides that explain the fundamentals of cybersecurity before guiding users through more advanced concepts.

43. Pwn.college

URL: https://pwn.college

Pwn.college is designed to develop learners from a foundational understanding of cybersecurity concepts through to active participation in capture-the-flag (CTF) competitions. The platform was created by a team of hackers at Arizona State University; the project supports ASU’s cybersecurity curriculum, and is also open to global participants.

The platform categorizes its resources into "dojos," with each dojo dedicated to specific topics such as Linux basics, program security, and software exploitation. In turn, each dojo contains multiple modules with skill-appropriate challenges that reward users with flags upon completion. Two of the dojos offered are Linux Luminarium (which introduces the Linux command line) and Computing 101 (which explores machine code fundamentals).

The site also offers a range of additional resources like archives, community material, and an archive of CTF challenges.

44. RingZer0 Team Online CTF

URL: https://ringzer0ctf.com

RingZer0 CTF is designed to enhance ethical hacker skills through capture-the-flag (CTF) challenges. RingZer0 CTF provides learners with access to over 300 unique challenges across more than 15 categories such as cryptography, reverse engineering, forensics, steganography, malware analysis, shellcoding, and SQL injection.

Completion of a challenge rewards users with a "flag." Learners are then encouraged to write up their experience and offer their solution to the community. RingZer0Gold is awarded to approved write-ups and can be used to purchase hints, encouraging collaborative learning and knowledge sharing.

The peer-supported model that RingZer0 has created provides learners with a range of perspectives when it comes to approaching and responding to issues, strengthening the practical skills that are essential to ethical hacking.

45. Smash the Stack

URL: https://www.smashthestack.org

Smash the Stack offers ethical hackers a realistic environment to develop their skills. Smash the Stack simulates real-world software vulnerabilities, focusing on reverse engineering, web application penetration testing, and software exploitation. Accessible via a secure shell (SSH) or web browser, these environments provide challenges to help learners practice legal exploitation techniques on targets like operating systems and applications.

Supported by a coalition with OverTheWire and IO at Netgarage, Smash the Stack is a volunteer-driven community, primarily communicating through Internet Relay Chat (IRC). It caters to all skill levels, with environments like APFEL for beginners and BlackBox for advanced learners. The platform provides learners with a collaborative space for mastering software vulnerabilities.

46. TryHackMe

URL: https://tryhackme.com

TryHackMe is a hands-on cybersecurity training platform offering practical, browser-based learning. Learners are provided access to personal virtual machines for real-world hacking and defensive tasks. Structured learning paths like Introduction to Cyber Security, Jr Penetration Tester, and Red Teaming guide users through core skills, including Active Directory exploitation and AWS cloud security.

Interactive experiences like King of the Hill (KoTH) gamify learning, allowing players to compete by compromising and securing machines, refining their skills in a dynamic and realistic environment.

TryHackMe is highly regarded for its content accessibility, offering free courses and guided exercises that cater to beginners and professionals alike.

47. VulnHub

URL: https://www.vulnhub.com/

VulnHub provides free, downloadable virtual machines (VMs) designed to help users develop practical hacking and cybersecurity skills. Each VM simulates different real-world vulnerabilities. This enables learners to practice identifying and exploiting flaws in a realistic, fully legal environment.

One of the core features of VulnHub is how it takes a community-driven approach, accepting contributions from security researchers and enthusiasts worldwide. Many VMs also have walkthroughs that provide detailed, step-by-step guidance for exploiting vulnerabilities.

Additionally, VulnHub users can create custom challenges, build personal targets, and access training material.

48. W3Challs

URL: https://w3challs.com

W3Challs presents ethical hackers with a safe space to refine their skills through hands-on security challenges. Unlike simulations, W3Challs presents learners with real-world scenarios that allow users to learn how to exploit true vulnerabilities.

The challenges offered on W3Challs cover a variety of hacking domains including cryptography, web application attacks, binary exploitation, reverse engineering, and digital forensics. Each task is structured progressively, making them suitable for ethical hackers of all skill levels and experiences.

While W3Challs doesn’t provide step-by-step tutorials, the challengers encourage independent learning and the community offers support for those who need advice and assistance.

Online Communities

Online forums and communities foster collaboration, knowledge sharing, and mentorship among the ethical hacking community. Engaging in these forums allows ethical hackers to stay updated on the latest trends in the industry, and build invaluable networks.

49. Cyber Council

URL: https://discord.com/servers/cyber-council

Cyber Council is a vibrant Discord community dedicated to ethical hacking, cybersecurity, and malware analysis. The server brings together enthusiasts, experts, and beginners and encourages them to share resources, discuss vulnerabilities, and collaborate on projects.

The Cyber Council server thrives on the principle of collaborative learning. It offers a welcoming space for those looking to deepen their understanding of ethical hacking or contribute to community projects.

50. Dropout Phreaks

URL: https://discord.com/servers/dropout-phreaks

Dropout Phreaks is a Discord server dedicated to ethical hacking and cybersecurity. Dropout Phreaks prides itself on building a strong sense of collaboration between red teams (ethical hackers), blue teams (defenders), and tech enthusiasts.

The server hosts weekly capture the flag (CTF) events, professional talks, and workshops to foster an engaging learning environment filled with hands-on opportunities for skill development. It’s moderated to ensure professionalism and adherence to laws, and welcomes beginners and experts alike.

51. Exploit Database

URL: https://www.exploit-db.com

The Exploit Database, maintained by OffSec, offers a CVE-compliant archive of public exploits and vulnerable software. As a repository for exploits and proof-of-concepts, it is particularly useful for penetration testers and vulnerability researchers who need valid and actionable data.

Its database includes exploits gathered from direct submissions, mailing lists, public sources, and the Google Hacking Database (GHDB), which indexes search engine queries for uncovering sensitive online data.

The Exploit Database community features forums, mailing lists, and IRC channels where professionals share insights and discuss topics like exploit development and intrusion detection.

52. Hack Forums

URL: https://hackforums.net

Hack Forums is a long-standing online community packed with a wide range of ethical hacking resources, discussions, and tutorials. Hack Forums is widely regarded for its extensive database that covers topics ranging from foundational hacking techniques to advanced subjects like penetration testing, reverse engineering, cryptography, and white-hat hacking.

At its core, Hack Forum is a global hub where members are encouraged to share insights, learn from one another, and keep up-to-date with industry trends.

53. MalwareTips

URL: https://malwaretips.com

MalwareTips is a community-driven platform focused on cybersecurity. Its forums host a diverse library covering subjects like malware analysis, tools, removal techniques, and prevention strategies. It’s moderated by professional security experts, ensuring that it remains a safe and valuable environment for cybersecurity discussions.

Ethical hacking enthusiasts benefit from topics like penetration testing methods, Linux command line guides, and privacy tips. Interested users also have access to security software reviews and malware analysis, helping them stay up-to-date with the current threat landscape.

54. Root-Me

URL: https://discord.com/servers/root-me

Root-Me offers hundreds of challenges across a range of categories including web security, network testing, programming, and reverse engineering. Additionally, it has a robust virtual machine lab allowing for hands-on practice, and fosters a strong and active community of ethical hackers.

The Root-Me forum connects learners with experienced practitioners who provide guidance, share knowledge, and support others facing similar challenges. Each exercise is paired with multiple resources such as PDFs and videos.

Root-Me’s contributions to online ethical hacking education extend beyond its e-learning resources. It also hosts live talks, CTF tournaments, and community events, encouraging collaboration and skill-building.

55. Spyboy Cybersec

URL:https://discord.com/servers/spyboy-cybersec

Spyboy Cybersec is a dynamic forum aimed at ethical hacking and cybersecurity enthusiasts. An educational Discord server, Spyboy Cybersec caters to ethical hackers of all skill levels, creating an inclusive environment centered around learning and collaboration.

Spyboy offers daily Capture the Flag (CTF) challenges to help users refine their hacking skills in diverse and engaging scenarios. The server also provides access to cybersecurity tools via a dedicated bot, important in facilitating hands-on experimentation.

With its active community of ethical hackers, programmers, and tech enthusiasts, Spyboy Cybersec helps members find help on topics like Linux, Windows, Android, and other IT issues, with advice coming from like-minded members in a well-rounded support network.

Free Tools and Software

The ethical hacking industry was largely built by people creating tools in their spare time, and making those tools freely available and open source. While the market has plenty of paid alternatives, there are still many highly functional free tools and programs that the best hackers rely on, which we cover below.

56. Advanced IP Scanner

URL: https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com

Advanced IP Scanner is a LAN scanner designed with network administrators in mind. Advanced IP Scanner identifies network devices, detects MAC addresses, and provides easy access to shared folders.

The tool is integrated with Radmin, which enables remote control, RDP access, and remote computer shutdowns. Advanced IP Scanner is a portable and user-friendly tool that simplifies network management and exports results to CSV.

57. Aircrack-ng

URL: https://www.aircrack-ng.org

Aircrack-ng is a suite of command-line tools geared toward assessing WiFi security. Aircrack-ng supports a range of functions including monitoring, packet capture, attack simulations, testing WiFi card capabilities, and cracking WEP and WPA-PSK keys.

It’s compatible with Linux, Windows, and macOS, and is ideal for ethical hackers searching for a product with robust wireless network evaluation and security testing capabilities.

58. Angry IP Scanner

URL: https://angryip.org

Angry IP Scanner is a free-to-use, open-source cross-platform IP and port scanner that is both fast and lightweight. Angry IP Scanner pings IP addresses, resolves hostnames, scans ports and gathers data. It’s the ideal tool for network administrators.

The tool exports results in multiple formats and supports advanced features like NetBIOS info and web server detection.

59. Autopsy

URL: https://www.autopsy.com

Autopsy is an open-source digital forensics platform designed for hard drive investigations. Autopsy was built with modular extensibility and is a key tool supporting law enforcement, corporate security, academic research, and a variety of government operations.

Autopsy’s key features include file analysis, keyword search, and custom add-ons like video triage and text translation. The tool is versatile and efficient, making it a great option for all forensic and investigative needs.

60. bettercap

URL: https://www.bettercap.org

Bettercap is a versatile, portable framework suited to security researchers. Bettercap provides users with advanced tools for reconnaissance and attacks on WiFi, Bluetooth, CAN-bus, and IP networks.

Core features include MITM attacks, device scanning, packet sniffing, and port scanning. Bettercap is an all-in-one network probing, testing, and protocol analysis tool.

61. BeEF

URL: https://beefproject.com

The Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) is a specialized penetration testing tool that is used to specifically target web browser vulnerabilities. BeEF allows testers to assess security beyond hardened network perimeters by leveraging client-side attack vectors.

Featuring real-time command modules and a powerful API, BeEF simulates browser-based attacks such as clickjacking and CSRF. Another of BeEF’s strengths is its ability to remove complexity while remaining an effective, reliable, and versatile tool.

62. Burp Suite Community Edition

URL: https://portswigger.net/burp

Burp Suite Community Edition, created by Portswigger, is a free tool for manual web application security testing. The tool features an intercepting proxy, application-aware Spider, and tools like Repeater and Decoder for analyzing and modifying traffic. While the community edition is more limited than the Professional, it provides essential capabilities for inspecting vulnerabilities, making it ideal for early learners and basic pen testing requirements.

63. Greenbone OpenVAS

URL: https://openvas.org

OpenVAS is a comprehensive, open-source vulnerability scanner developed by Greenbone. OpenVAS supports both authenticated and unauthenticated testing across diverse protocols and large-scale scans.

OpenVAS is updated daily, and its powerful detection capabilities ensure a quick response to new vulnerabilities. OpenVAS is part of the Greenbone Community Edition and offers free scans with consumer-grade software coverage.

64. hashcat

URL: https://hashcat.net/hashcat

Hashcat is a powerful, open-source password recovery tool well-regarded for its unparalleled speed and GPU acceleration.

Hashcat supports more than 350 hash types, multiple devices, and distributed cracking. Key Hashcat features include session management, automatic tuning, and interactive pause/resume functionality. The tool is compatible with Linux, Windows, and macOS. Additionally, Hashcat offers extensive documentation, a cheat sheet, and an active user forum for maximized user support.

65. John the Ripper

URL: https://www.openwall.com/john

John the Ripper is an open-source password auditing and recovery tool capable of supporting hundreds of hash and cipher types. John the Ripper detects and tests password vulnerabilities across a range of systems, web apps, databases, network captures, encrypted keys, and files.

The tool is compatible with multiple operating systems and is a powerful resource in the world of security testing and forensic analysis.

66. Kismet

URL: https://www.kismetwireless.net

Kismet is a multi-platform sniffer, WIDS, and wardriving tool supporting WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and RF analysis. It’s compatible with Linux, macOS, and Windows (via WSL), and offers users distributed capture, unified logging, and extensive API integration.

Kismet is ideal for both lightweight and large-scale network monitoring and can operate without needing a monitor or GUI, or via a modern web-based UI.

67. Metasploit

URL: https://www.metasploit.com

Metasploit Framework is a collaboration with Rapid7. It is a leading open-source penetration testing platform. Metasploit helps security teams test vulnerabilities, execute exploits, and improve defenses.

The Metasploit framework features modular tools, a robust Ruby-based architecture, and the powerful Msfconsole interface. Ultimately, Metasploit simplifies network enumeration, attack execution, and exploit development allowing for swift and effective security assessments.

68. NetStumbler

URL: https://www.netstumbler.com

NetStumbler is a Windows-based tool used to detect and analyze wireless LANs. NetStumbler identifies network configurations, signal strength, interference, and rogue access points. With GPS integration for mapping access points, it’s the ideal tool for securing networks and optimizing wireless performance. NetStumbler is a strong tool for many ethical hacking, network diagnostics, and wardriving prevention requirements.

69. NetworkMiner

URL: https://www.netresec.com/NetworkMiner

NetworkMiner is an open-source network forensics tool designed to extract files, emails, passwords, and artifacts from PCAP files or live network traffic. NetworkMiners works by parsing network traffic data saved into a PCAP file.

The tool comes on a specially customized USB drive, and can also be installed onto a hard drive (which boosts NetworkMiner’s performance).

70. Nikto

URL: https://cirt.net

Nikto 2.5 is an open-source web server scanner with the capability to check over 7,000 vulnerabilities, outdated software, and server misconfigurations. Nikto supports IPv6, SSL, and proxies, and offers multiple reporting formats, while also providing comprehensive insights for web security.

While not a stealthy tool, Nikto excels at rapid vulnerability detection and supports advanced features like subdomain guessing and authentication tests.

71. Nmap

URL: https://nmap.org

Nmap (Network Mapper) is a free, open-source network discovery and security auditing tool. Nmap identifies hosts, services, OS versions, and firewall configurations using advanced IP packet techniques. The tool is ideal for networks of all sizes. It’s a flexible, powerful tool with cross-platform functionality alongside robust documentation and strong community support.

72. SIFT Workstation

URL: https://www.sans.org/sift-workstation

The SIFT Workstation is a free, open-source digital forensic and incident response toolkit that is specifically designed for advanced investigations. SIFT Workstation is built on Ubuntu and supports a range of processes including file system, memory, and network analysis.

The tool is widely used in SANS courses like FOR508 and FOR572. Additionally, SIFT integrates with REMnux for seamless malware analysis, making it a powerful, community-driven forensic solution.

73. Tcpdump

URL: https://www.tcpdump.org

Tcpdump is a command-line packet analyzer that captures and inspects network traffic using the libpcap procedural library. It supports advanced filtering, operates effectively even on servers lacking a GUI, and works effectively across real-time and scheduled packet analysis in a range of varied network environments.

74. The Social Engineering Toolkit (SET)

URL: https://trustedsec.com/the-social-engineer-toolkit-set

The Social-Engineer Toolkit (SET), created by TrustedSec's Dave Kennedy, is an open-source framework for social engineering penetration testing. With more than 2 million downloads, SET provides users with advanced and customizable attack vectors allowing them to play out realistic social-engineering scenarios.

SET is widely recognized and featured at major security conferences and is considered a leading tool for simulating and mitigating human-focused cyber threats.

75. Vega

URL: https://subgraph.com/vega

Vega by Subgraph is a free, open-source web security scanner designed for web application vulnerability testing. This includes XSS, SQL injection, and shell injection. Vega includes an automated scanner, intercepting proxy, and extensibility via JavaScript. It’s multi-platform compatible, supporting Linux, OS X, and Windows.

76. Wifite2

URL: https://github.com/kimocoder/wifite2

Wifite is an automated wireless network auditing tool for Linux that uses the Aircrack-ng, pyrit, reaver, and tshark tools.

Wifite simplifies WEP and WPA cracking with features like handshake capture, Pixie-Dust attacks, and signal jamming. It’s designed to be run as a root due to the suite of tools it uses and is ideal for pen-testing distributions.

Wifite automates complex wireless security tasks, minimizing input requirements while maintaining running efficiency on patched wireless drivers.

77. Wireshark

URL: https://www.wireshark.org

Wireshark is a network protocol analyzer that offers deep inspection capabilities across hundreds of protocols. Wireshark supports live capture, offline analysis, and multi-platform compatibility which work in combination with advanced display filters, VoIP analysis, and decryption for multiple protocols.

Wireshark is broadly used in educational and professional settings for network troubleshooting, optimization, and security investigations.

78. Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP)

URL: https://www.zaproxy.org

Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP) is a free, open-source web application penetration testing tool. ZAP acts as the “manipulator-in-the-middle” proxy, intercepting and inspecting messages between browsers and applications.

ZAP has a range of capabilities useful to developers, novice testers, and experienced professionals. The tool comes with a range of automation options to suit a diverse range of needs and environmental constraints, making it a versatile and valuable pen-testing application.

Conclusion

Ethical hacking is a complex but highly rewarding pursuit. By understanding the diverse range of tools, resources, and communities available, you can build foundational knowledge and increase your expertise.

Ethical hackers identify vulnerabilities and help ensure that systems and users are safeguarded. This guide is thorough, but by necessity incomplete, look at the vast resources available to ethical hackers. With organizations increasingly valuing skilled ethical hackers, now is an opportune time to get into the field. Dedication, practice, and a proactive mindset will be your keys to success!